Prostatitis is an inflammation of the prostate, the gland that produces a portion of semen. This is the most common disease of the reproductive system in adult males. Acute bacterial prostatitis is a relatively rare disease, the frequency of which does not exceed three percent of all inflammatory processes in the prostate.
Causes of Acute Prostatitis
The main cause of acute prostatitis in men are bacteria, some of which are part of the normal microbiota of the body, that is, they always live on the skin, in the intestines. Once in the tissues and ducts of the prostate, they cause acute inflammation.
Infection can enter the prostate in two ways:
- ascending canalicular - bacteria with urethritis, cystitis, after cystoscopy enters the prostate.
- hematogenous - microbes enter the prostate gland with blood flow from long -distance acute and chronic infections - boils, carbuncles, sinusitis, sore teeth and tonsils.
In addition to bacteria, stagnation of prostate gland secretions and venous blood stasis, which develop during irregular sexual activity with infrequent sexual intercourse, with prolonged restriction of movement, especially in a sitting position and wearing tight underwear, are important.
The gland is made up of two parts - the follicle, where secretions are produced, and the excretory tract, where part of the semen fluid enters the urethra. Depending on the part of the prostate that is inflamed, there are various forms of acute prostatitis in men, which are treated by different methods.
Signs of acute prostatitis
The symptoms of acute prostatitis depend on the form and severity of the inflammatory process. Doctors distinguish between three forms:
- katarrhal.The main symptom is urinary incontinence. The excretory tract becomes inflamed, the prostate enlarges and blocks the urethra, as a result of which urination becomes prolonged, accompanied by pain and a burning sensation in the urethra. There is an urge at night, the patient suffers from insomnia.
- follicular.With the further development of the process, the follicular tissues begin to open up. Disorders of urination are accompanied by pain in the perineum, radiating to the anus, the temperature rises to 38 degrees.
- parenchyma.The follicles continue to open, a large number of small abscesses form. Difficulty urinating, becomes very painful, pain appears during defecation. The temperature rises to forty, in the groin, perineum, sacrum - a sharp pain.
Diagnostic tests
Urologists make a diagnosis based on a comprehensive study, which includes:
- Rectal examination.The urologist inserts a finger into the patient’s anus and feels the gland, determines the increase in volume and pain, and concludes that there is an inflammatory process.
- General urine analysis.In the analysis of urine, leukocytes, blood, bacteria and proteins are determined. This is a non -specific indication of urinary tract inflammation; they should not be used to draw conclusions about specific sites of inflammation.
- Bacteriological analysis of urine.Urine culture for infertility allows you to isolate the microbes that cause inflammation, determine their type, resistance and sensitivity to antibiotics.
- Ultrasound of the prostate.Ultrasound examination shows changes in size, showing nodes, formations, abscesses.
- MRI or CT scan of the pelvis.It is performed in preparation for surgery or differentiation with prostate tumors.
- Blood test for PSA.Prostate -specific antigens are proteins secreted by the prostate. Its content is increased in diseases of the prostate gland - prostatitis, adenomas and malignant tumors of the prostate. Analysis was performed for differential diagnosis with tumors, because PSA values in cancer were much higher than in prostatitis.
Complications of acute prostatitis
If proper treatment of acute prostatitis is not started in a timely manner, this can lead to the following complications:
- Prostate abscess.If prostatitis is not treated, sooner or later the small abscess merges into one large one, called an abscess. These complications can be resolved immediately, opening the prostate and carefully clearing the pus from there.
- Inflammation of the paraprostatic venous plexus.Inflammation of the prostate can spread to the surrounding veins. A large number of bacteria released into the bloodstream will cause a systemic inflammatory response - sepsis - that can be fatal.
- Paraprostatitis.It occurs when an abscess enters the surrounding prostate tissue. Treat immediately.
- Transition to chronic form.Acute prostatitis without treatment becomes chronic, requiring treatment for several years. Fifty percent of patients with chronic prostatitis develop mental disorders that require correction with antidepressants and sedatives.
What to do with acute prostatitis
A patient with an attack of acute prostatitis needs immediate hospital treatment. Treatment of acute prostatitis should be done in a hospital and include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents and rehabilitation.
Antibacterial therapy includes broad -spectrum agents, and is prescribed for a long period of time - from fifteen to thirty days, until the bacteria are completely destroyed. For acute prostatitis, doctors usually use the following antibiotics and antibacterial drugs:
- fluoroquinolones- levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin;
- trimetoprim;
- doxycycline;
- cephalosporins- cefotaxime, ceftriaxone.
In addition to antibiotics for acute prostatitis, the following medications are used:
- non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs (diclofenac) - help relieve pain;
- bioregulatory peptides (prostate extract, vitaprost, prostatilene) - used in suppository form. The prostate not only produces a portion of semen, but also performs a regulatory function by releasing hormones. Suppositories help overcome hormone deficiency and prevent complications associated with it.
Do not self -medicate - it is dangerous! Do not use traditional medicines such as prostate massage - secretions and pus, once in the blood, cause blood poisoning, which can be fatal. If you notice signs of acute prostatitis, immediately call an ambulance or see a doctor.
Sex with acute prostatitis is contraindicated. First, severe pain in the perineum and sacrum, high temperature, in no way remove sexual intercourse. Second, couples are at risk of contracting a sexually transmitted infection.
Prevention of acute prostatitis
Acute prostatitis is much easier to prevent than to cure. Enough to note a few important things:
- perform thorough personal hygiene, treat cystitis and urethritis in a timely manner;
- having sex regularly to avoid stagnation of prostate secretions;
- avoid venereal disease;
- treat boils, carbuncles in a timely manner, monitor the health of your teeth;
- wearing loose cotton underwear;
- provide adequate physical activity to prevent stasis in the prostate vein.
Treatment of prostatitis should be carried out under the close supervision of a physician. Specialists develop examination programs, compile individual diagnostic schemes.
It is important to see a doctor at the first suspicion of pathology. Lack of attention to symptoms or self -treatment can complicate the condition. Timely and professional medical help will help overcome the disease and prevent complications.
Symptoms and causes of prostatitis
As a rule, talking about the treatment of prostatitis, they mean a chronic stage of pathology. This is due to the fact that the acute phase lasts only a few days and usually does not cause serious concern for a man. As a result, the inflammatory process becomes chronic, and treatment of prostatitis is significantly delayed.
Acute prostatitis can be identified by the following signs:
- pain in the perineum and scrotum,
- cramps in the lower abdomen
- weakens erections,
- lack of voluntary erection in the morning.
Such symptoms can appear all at once, or one at a time. After a few days, it disappears or diminishes significantly. This is the danger of this disease. In the absence of qualified help, prostatitis becomes chronic. This stage is characterized by:
- increased desire to urinate,
- a decrease in the amount of urine excreted,
- weakens the flow during urination,
- erectile dysfunction,
- pain in small pelvis, perineum.
Any of these symptoms are a reason to see a doctor. In our clinic, the urologist at Leninsky will accurately determine the cause of the disease, providing effective treatment.
Identifying the etiology of prostatitis is one of the most important tasks when choosing a course of therapy. There are several main causes of this disease:
- sexually transmitted infections - chlamydia, trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis and others,
- bacteria - enter the prostate gland through the urethra, with blood or lymph flow,
- hypothermia - causes inflammation of the prostate, which, as in other cases, quickly becomes chronic.
All examinations necessary to identify the cause and treatment of prostatitis can be performed in our clinic. The examination program is made individually by a urologist.
Diagnosis of the disease
Among the mandatory methods for diagnosing prostatitis are:
- general urine analysis,
- microscopic examination of prostate secretions,
- Ultrasound of the prostate gland.
In accordance with the individual clinical picture, the urologist may prescribe additional examinations. If you suspect the nature of sexually transmitted prostatitis, it is recommended to be tested on Leninsky Prospekt for STDs. Based on the results of a comprehensive diagnosis, the specialist compiles a treatment regimen for prostatitis.
Complex therapy
Treatment of prostatitis is often done by conservative methods. Antibiotic therapy is basic. With the help of antibiotics, pathogens are eliminated, prostate inflammation is removed. Modern drugs penetrate well into the tissue of the prostate gland, eliminating the main cause of pathology. In addition, the doctor may prescribe alpha blockers, hormones, muscle relaxants.
Another effective technique is prostate massage. It restores the durability of the ducts, improves blood circulation in the prostate, and improves tone. It is used most often in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis, in the presence of pelvic pain syndrome.
The duration of the course depends on the individual picture of the disease. It is important that the treatment of prostatitis in the clinic aims not to relieve symptoms, but to eliminate the main cause of the pathology. This approach allows you to get rid of chronic diseases and prevent relapse.